Congress has played a major role in shaping U.S. policy toward Iran, including by authorizing extensive U.S. sanctions, reviewing past diplomatic agreements with Iran, and funding support to U.S. partners …

In April 2025, the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council adopted a resolution denouncing the Iranian government’s “systematic discrimination, arbitrary detentions, and violations of religious …

The UN’s Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Iran published a report in July that characterized the government’s actions in the 1980s as crimes against humanity and genocide, the …

acing the United States. This volume provides details on Iran’s defense and military goals, strategy, plans, and intentions; the organization, structure, and capability of its military supporting those goals; …

Although Iran is a member of OPEC, it is exempt from the production cuts under the OPEC+ agreement because its crude oil production is constrained as a result of sanctions. Despite these sanctions, Iran …

Overview and Issues for Congress The Islamic Republic of Iran, the second-largest country in the Middle East by size (after Saudi Arabia) and population (after Egypt), has for decades played an assertive, …

Iran remains the leading state sponsor of terrorism in the world, providing financial aid, advanced weapons and tactics, and direction to militants, partners, proxies, and terrorist groups across the …